Surgical tool manipulation requires 6-degree-of-freedom precision. A dynamic widget design aims to enhance quick, intuitive interaction for surgeons. The 3D interface improves visual perception, and user testing compares it with the gold standard, measuring time, error, and usability.


The VR mobility test is a cost-effective, portable, non-operator-dependent method for evaluating visual impairment. We developed a prototype tested on a volunteer with Inherited Retinal Dystrophies. This test could become the new gold standard for VR mobility assessments.

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