@article{
	11589_59941,
	author = { Fornarelli  F  and  Camporeale  S M  and  Fortunato  B  and  Torresi  M  and  Oresta  P  and  Magliocchetti  L  and  Miliozzi  A  and  Santo  G },
	title = {CFD analysis of melting process in a shell-and-tube latent heat storage for concentrated solar power plants},
	year = {2016},
	journal = {APPLIED ENERGY},
	volume = {164},
	abstract = {A latent heat storage system for concentrated solar plants (CSP) is numerically examined by means of CFD simulations. This study aims at identifying the convective flows produced within the melted phase by temperature gradients and gravity. Simulations were carried out on experimental devices for applications to high temperature concentrated solar power plants. A shell-and-tube geometry composed by a vertical cylindrical tank, filled by a Phase Change Material (PCM) and an inner steel tube, in which the heat transfer fluid (HTF) flows, from the top to the bottom, is considered. The conjugate heat transfer process is examined by solving the unsteady Navier–Stokes equations for HTF and PCM and conduction for the tube. In order to take into account the buoyancy effects in the PCM tank the Boussinesq approximation is adopted. The results show that the enhanced heat flux, due to natural convective flow, reduce of about 30% the time needed to charge the heat storage. A detailed description of the convective motion in the melted phase and the heat flux distribution between the HTF and PCM are reported. The effect of the mushy zone constant is also investigated.},
	keywords = {CFD; Thermal Energy Storage (TES); Phase Change Material (PCM); Molten salts; Shell and tube; Enthalpy-porosity model},
	doi = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.11.106},	
	pages = {711--722}
}
@article{
	11589_624,
	author = { Camporeale S  and  Fortunato B  and  Torresi M  and  Turi F  and  Pantaleo A  and  Pellerano A },
	title = {Part Load Performance and Operating Strategies of a Natural Gas—Biomass Dual Fueled Microturbine for Combined Heat and Power Generation},
	year = {2015},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER},
	volume = {137},
	abstract = {The focus of this paper is on the part load performance of a small scale (100 kWe) combined heat and power (CHP) plant fired by natural gas (NG) and solid biomass to serve a residential energy demand. The plant is based on a modified regenerative microgas turbine (MGT), where compressed air exiting from recuperator is externally heated by the hot gases produced in a biomass furnace; then the air is conveyed to combustion chamber where a conventional internal combustion with NG takes place, reaching the maximum cycle temperature allowed by the turbine blades. The hot gas expands in the turbine and then feeds the recuperator, while the biomass combustion flue gases are used for preheating the combustion air that feeds the furnace. The part load efficiency is examined considering a single shaft layout of the gas turbine and variable speed regulation. In this layout, the turbine shaft is connected to a high speed electric generator and a frequency converter is used to adjust the frequency of the produced electric power. The results show that the variable rotational speed operation allows high the part load efficiency, mainly due to maximum cycle temperature that can be kept about constant. Different biomass/NG energy input ratios are also modeled, in order to assess the trade-offs between: (i) lower energy conversion efficiency and higher investment cost when increasing the biomass input rate and (ii) higher primary energy savings (PESs) and revenues from feed-in tariff available for biomass electricity fed into the grid. The strategies of baseload (BL), heat driven (HD), and electricity driven (ED) plant operation are compared, for an aggregate of residential end-users in cold, average, and mild climate conditions},
	doi = {10.1115/1.4030499},	
	pages = {121401--121413}
}
@conference{
	11589_62873,
	author = { Torresi  Marco  and  De Tomaso  Elena  and  Fortunato  Bernardo  and  Camporeale  Sergio Mario  and  Pascazio  Giuseppe },
	title = {High frequency dynamics of force coefficients in vawt blades under dynamic stall condition},
	year = {2015},
	publisher = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)},
	volume = {9},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo},
	abstract = {Blades of lift driven Vertical Axis Wind Turbines can experience dynamic stall especially at low tip speed ratios. Dynamic stall has significant consequences in terms of performance, vibration, noise and structural integrity of the blades. For this reason, it is worth to investigate this complex phenomenon. In particular, detailed CFD analyses have been carried out on a pitching NACA 0015 airfoil performing several cycles using a RANS approach and implementing the Transition SST turbulence model in order to take into account the laminar-to-turbulent boundary layer transition. A good agreement has been achieved in terms of phase-averaged force coefficients versus angle of attack when comparing these numerical results with the experimental data obtained at Glasgow University. However, looking at the instantaneous time-dependent force coefficients over several cycles, it appears that, in particular during the blade down-stroke, the hysteresis cycles are quite different one from the other and all from the phase-averaged one. Moreover, each hysteresis cycle shows oscillations at frequencies higher than that of the pitching motion. The investigation of such a behavior can be important in order to avoid the occurrence of dangerous resonance conditions at the blade natural frequency.},
	keywords = {CFD; Dynamic stall; Pitching airfoil; Transition SST turbulence model; VAWT; Engineering (all)},
	url = {http://www.asmedl.org/journals/doc/ASMEDL-home/proc/},
	doi = {10.1115/GT2015-42987},	
}
@conference{
	11589_55795,
	author = { Camporeale  Sergio Mario  and  Ciliberti  Patrizia Domenica  and  Fortunato  Bernardo  and  Torresi  Marco  and  Pantaleo  Antonio Marco },
	title = {Externally Fired Micro Gas Turbine and ORC Bottoming Cycle: Optimal Biomass/Natural Gas CHP Configuration for Residential Energy Demand},
	year = {2015},
	publisher = {ASME},
	booktitle = {ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition . Montreal, Quebec, Canada, June 15–19, 2015. Volume 3. Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration},
	abstract = {Small scale Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants present lower electric efficiency in comparison to large scale ones, and this is particularly true when biomass fuels are used. In most cases, the use of both heat and electricity to serve on site energy demand is a key issue to achieve acceptable global energy efficiency and investment profitability. However, the heat demand follows a typical daily and seasonal pattern and is influenced by climatic conditions, in particular in the case of residential and tertiary end users. During low heat demand periods, a lot of heat produced by the CHP plant is discharged. In order to increase the electric conversion efficiency of small scale micro turbine for heat and power cogeneration, a bottoming ORC system can be coupled to the cycle, however this option reduces the temperature and quantity of cogenerated heat available to the load. In this perspective, the paper presents the results of a thermo-economic analysis of small scale CHP plants composed by a micro gas turbine (MGT) and a bottoming Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), serving a typical residential energy demand. For the topping cycle three different configurations are examined: 1) a simple recuperative micro gas turbine fuelled by natural gas (NG), 2) a dual fuel EFGT cycle, fuelled by biomass and natural gas (50% energy input) (DF) and 3) an externally fired gas turbine (EFGT) with direct combustion of biomass (B). The bottoming cycle is a simple saturated Rankine cycle with regeneration and no superheating. The ORC cycle and the fluid selection are optimized on the basis of the available exhaust gas temperature at the turbine exit. The research assesses the influence of the thermal energy demand typology (residential demand with cold, mild and hot climate conditions) and CHP plant operational strategies (baseload vs heat driven vs electricity driven operation mode) on the global energy efficiency and profitability of the following three configurations: A) MGT with cogeneration; B) MGT+ ORC without cogeneration; C) MGT+ORC with cogeneration. In all cases, a back-up boiler is assumed to match the heat demand of the load (fed by natural gas or biomass). The research explores the profitability of bottoming ORC in view of the following tradeoffs: (i) lower energy conversion efficiency and higher investment cost of high biomass input rate with respect to natural gas; (ii) higher efficiency but higher costs and reduced heat available for cogeneration in the bottoming ORC; (ii) higher primary energy savings and revenues from feed-in tariff available for biomass electricity fed into the grid.},
	keywords = {Biomass , Natural gas , Combined heat and power , Cycles , Micro gas turbines , Organic Rankine cycle},
	doi = {10.1115/GT2015-43571},	
}
@article{
	11589_8155,
	author = { Fortunato B  and  Torresi M  and  Deramo A },
	title = {Modeling, performance analysis and economic feasibility  of a mirror-augmented photovoltaic system},
	year = {2014},
	journal = {ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT},
	volume = {80},
	abstract = {In the last years, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have had great impetus with research and demonstration
projects, both in Italy and other European countries. The main problems with solar PV are the cost of
solar electricity, which is still higher compared with other renewables (such as wind or biomass), due to
the cost of semi-conductors, and the low conversion efficiency. However, PV panel prices are rapidly
decreasing benefiting from favorable economies of scale. For instance, according to the Energy Information
Administration (EIA) the US average levelized costs for plants entering service in the 2018 should be
144.3$/MW h for solar PV, whereas 111.0$/MW h for biomass and 86.6$/MW h for wind (Levelized Cost of
New Generation Resources in the Annual Energy Outlook, 2013). In order to increase the electric yield of
PV modules (which can be even doubled with respect to constant tilt configurations), without significantly
increasing the system costs, it was decided to consider the addition of inclined mirrors at both
sides of the PV modules, so as to deflect more solar rays towards them, as in Mirror-Augmented Photovoltaic
(MAPV) systems. The system preserves its constructive simplicity with commercial flat PV modules
even though dual axis tracker must be implemented, since MAPV systems harness mainly the
direct radiation. The performance analysis of MAPV systems starts from the calculation of the global irradiation
on the surface of the PV module which is a sum of the direct sunlight on it and the irradiation
reflected by the mirrors. A mathematical model of a MAPV system is presented, which takes into account
not only the increase of direct (or beam) radiation, due to the mirrors, but also the reduction of both the
diffuse and reflected radiations due to the shadowing effect of the flat mirrors. In particular, under an isotropic
sky assumption, a simplified analytical expression, applicable in the case of MAPV systems, for the
sky-view factor has been developed. The deterioration in the performance of the PV system as a result of
the increasing cell temperature with radiation augmentation due to mirrors has been also evaluated.
Moreover, in order to provide a more realistic view of the process, the energy analysis is accompanied
by the exergy analysis. Finally, in order to analyse the economics of MAPV systems, Net Present Value,
Discounted Payback Period, Internal Rate of Return and Life-Cycle Costs, have been considered and compared
with both a constant tilt building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system and a system with a dual
axis tracker.},
	keywords = {mirror; photovoltaic; system},
	doi = {10.1016/j.enconman.2013.12.074},	
	pages = {276--286}
}
@conference{
	11589_18246,
	author = { Torresi M  and  Fortunato B  and  Camporeale S M  and  Dambrosio L },
	title = {Vertical axis wind turbines for distributed power generation},
	year = {2014},
	publisher = {Gangemi},
	address = {ROMA},
	volume = {C2},
	booktitle = {Contributi di Ricerca 2 - Research Contributions 2},
	abstract = {A renewed interest on Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) arose from their
ability to be effectively integrated within urban contests in the spirit of distributed generation.
In order to improve their performance, a deeper comprehension of their fluid dynamic
behavior is necessary. In the last years, at Politecnico di Bari a great effort has been addressed
toward the numerical and experimental investigation of both lift- and drag-driven VAWTs. In
particular, constant temperature hot wire anemometry (CTA) is used for the evaluation of the
unsteady flow field downstream the VAWT prototypes tested in the subsonic closed-loop
wind tunnel of the Politecnico di Bari, whilst, torque measurements are obtained directly from
the servo amplifier monitor. Furthermore, by means of CFD analysis, a deep insight into the
complex fluid-dynamics of the VAWTs has been obtained. All the acquired experience ended
in the development of an innovative lift-driven VAWT prototype currently under investigation},
	keywords = {Renewable energy; wind tunnel},
	pages = {75--79}
}
@conference{
	11589_16491,
	author = { Morgese G  and  Torresi M  and  Fortunato B  and  Camporeale S M },
	title = {Design of an axial impulse turbine for enthalpy drop recovery},
	year = {2014},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Power for Land, Sea and Air
GT2014},
	abstract = {In industrial process plants, often there is the need to
reduce the pressure of the operating flow. Generally this is
performed by means of valves which expand the flow without
any work done. The same operation could be performed by
replacing these valves with turbines, with the advantage of
energy recovery, hence improving the overall efficiency of the
system.
In this work, a simple and rapid method is shown in order
to design a single stage, straight bladed, axial impulse turbine
for enthalpy recovery. Assigned the desired flow rate and the
minimum power output, the turbine design is performed
according to a one-dimensional study into which loss effects
are considered by means of appropriate coefficients. From the
one-dimensional analysis the heights, the pitch angle, the inlet
and outlet angles of both rotor and stator blades are obtained.
Actually, the rotor and stator blade profiles are defined by
means of several analytical functions. The blade design is then
validated by means of CFD simulations. The definition of loss
coefficients and blade geometrical parameters is clearly an
iterative process, which needs to be repeated until convergence
is reached. Furthermore, by means of fully 3D simulations, the
effect of the rotor-stator distance is investigated in order to
maximize the turbine performance.},
	keywords = {Axial impulse turbine ; CFD;  enthalpy drop recovery},
	doi = {10.1115/GT2014-25284},	
}
@conference{
	11589_23346,
	author = { Camporeale SM  and  Fortunato B  and  Torresi M  and  Turi F  and  Pantaleo AM  and  Pellerano A },
	title = {Part load performance and operating strategies of a natural gas–biomass dual fuelled microturbine for CHP generation},
	year = {2014},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Power for Land, Sea and Air GT2014},
	abstract = {The focus of this paper is on the part load performance of a small scale (100kWe) combined heat and power (CHP) plant fired by natural gas and solid biomass to serve a residential energy demand. The plant is based on a modified regenerative micro gas turbine (MGT), where compressed air exiting from recuperator is externally heated by the hot gases produced in a biomass furnace; then the air is conveyed to combustion chamber where a conventional internal combustion with natural gas takes place, reaching the maximum cycle temperature allowed by the turbine blades. The hot gas expands in the turbine and then feeds the recuperator, while the biomass combustion flue gases are used for pre-heating the combustion air that feeds the furnace. The part load efficiency is examined considering a single shaft layout of the gas turbine and variable speed regulation. In this layout, the turbine shaft is connected to a high speed electric generator and a frequency converter is used to adjust the frequency of the produced electric power. The results show that the variable rotational speed operation allows high the part load efficiency, mainly due to maximum cycle temperature that can be kept about constant. 
Different biomass/natural gas energy input ratios are also modelled, in order to assess the trade-offs between: (i) lower energy conversion efficiency and higher investment cost when increasing the biomass input rate; (ii) higher primary energy savings and revenues from feed-in tariff available for biomass electricity fed into the grid. The strategies of base load (BL), heat driven (HD) and electricity driven (ED) plant operation are compared, for an aggregate of residential end-users in cold, average and mild climate conditions.},
	keywords = {cogeneration; microturbine; externally fired}
}
@conference{
	11589_18396,
	author = { Fortunato B  and  Lippolis A  and  Vacca G  and  Amirante  R  and  Camporeale S M  and  Dambrosio  and  Oresta P  and  Torresi M  and  Fornarelli F },
	title = {Activities of the research group on  energy efficiency and renewable energy},
	year = {2014},
	publisher = {Gangemi},
	address = {ROMA},
	volume = {B},
	booktitle = {Groups mResearch on KERTS and SCS -
1st Workshop on the State of the Art and Challenges of Research Efforts of POLIBA},
	keywords = {Energy ; Renewable; Efficiency},
	pages = {173--177}
}
@article{
	11589_3686,
	author = { Torresi M  and  De Benedittis F A  and  Fortunato B  and  Camporeale S M },
	title = {Performance and flow field evaluation of a Savonius rotor tested in a  wind tunnel},
	year = {2014},
	journal = {ENERGY PROCEDIA},
	volume = {45},
	abstract = {A renewed interest on Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) arose from their great capacity for integration within urban areas and
for applications of distributed generation. In order to be able to highly improve their performance, making them competitive with
respect to the more consolidated Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs), it is fundamental to have a deeper comprehension of
their fluid dynamic behavior. In order to reach this goal, a two-bucket Savonius rotor has been designed, built from a PVC pipe
with a nominal diameter of 200 mm, and tested in the wind tunnel of the Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Managment
(DMMM) of the Politecnico di Bari. The Savonius rotor is connected to an AC brushless servo motor, able to control either the
braking torque or the rotational speed. This paper describes the experimental evaluation of the unsteady flow field downstream the
rotor by means of a Constant Temperature hot wire Anemometer (CTA). Whilst, for performance analysis, the torque measurements
have been obtained directly from the Servo Amplifier torque monitor.},
	keywords = {Vertical Axis Wind Turbines; Savonius Rotor; Wind Tunnel tests},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876610214000241},
	doi = {10.1016/j.egypro.2014.01.023},	
	pages = {207--216}
}
@article{
	11589_6690,
	author = { Torresi M  and  De Benedittis FA  and  Fortunato B  and  Camporeale SM },
	title = {Performance and Flow Field Evaluation of a Savonius Rotor Tested in a Wind Tunnel},
	year = {2014},
	journal = {ENERGY PROCEDIA},
	volume = {45},
	doi = {10.1016/j.egypro.2014.01.023},	
	pages = {207--216}
}
@conference{
	11589_23353,
	author = { Pappalettere C  and  De Palma P  and  Pascazio G  and  De Tullio M  and  Camporeale S  and  Dambrosio L  and  Fortunato B  and  Torresi M  and  Fornarelli F  and  Carbone G  and  Afferrante L  and  Bottiglione F  and  Mantriota G  and  Foglia MM  and  Demelio G  and  Ciavarella M  and  Lamberti L  and  Boccaccio A  and  Ludovico AD  and  Csmpanelli SL  and  De Filippis LAC  and  Tricarico L  and  Palumbo G  and  Sorgente D  and  Scintilla LD  and  Galantucci LM  and  Percoco G  and  Lavecchia F  and  Casavola C  and  Naso N  and  Lino P  and  Maione G  and  Stasi S  and  Turchiano B  and  Cupertino F },
	title = {Advanced technologies for reduction of polluting emissions, fuel consumption and
operating costs of Heavy Duty engines, INNOVHEAD},
	year = {2014},
	volume = {Track A},
	booktitle = {Atti del "1st WORKSHOP on the State of the art and Challenges Of Research Efforts @ POLIBA"}
}
@conference{
	11589_22830,
	author = { Trovato M A  and  Cupertino F  and  De Tuglie E E  and  Dicorato M  and  Naso D  and  Stasi S  and  Turchiano B  and  Cafaro G  and  Cagnano A  and  Forte G  and  Mastromauro R A  and  Camporeale S  and  De Palma P  and  Fortunato B  and  Pascazio G  and  Torresi M  and  Caramia G  and  Ranaldo S  and  Petrillo A F  and  Mossa M  and  Malcangio D  and  Ben Meftah M  and  Bruno M F  and  De Serio F  and  Fanelli G  and  Gratton V  and  Intranuovo G  and  Lattaruli M  and  Molfetta M G  and  Papagni P  and  Pratola L  and  Romanazzi G L  and  Saponieri A },
	title = {Project PONa3_00372 “Innovative Processes for Energy
Conversion – PrInCE”},
	year = {2014},
	publisher = {Gangemi Editore spa},
	address = {Roma},
	volume = {Track A},
	booktitle = {ONGOING RESEARCH PROJECTS - GRANDI PROGETTI IN ATTO},
	abstract = {In the framework of European funds for Convergence regions managed by the Italian Ministry for Research Education, Politecnico di Bari has applied a
project for structural development of laboratories named “Innovative Processes for Energy Conversion – PrInCE”. This paper is meant to describe the research and
development activities involving the Laboratories developed within the PrInCE
project.},
	keywords = {Laboratory improvement, Distributed Generation Supervision and Control, Field tests and demonstrators.},
	pages = {515--525}
}
@conference{
	11589_23413,
	author = { Fiorenza G  and  Manzari V  and  Pastore C  and  Sgura I  and  Torresi M  and  Gargiulo C },
	title = {An innovative polyimide microchannels cooling system for the pixel sensor of the upgraded ALICE inner tracker},
	year = {2013},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Workshop on Advances in Sensors and Interfaces, IWASI 2013},
	doi = {10.1109/IWASI.2013.6576065},	
}
@article{
	11589_52170,
	author = { Torresi M  and  Fortunato B  and  Camporeale SM },
	title = {Modello CFD per il calcolo delle prestazioni e degli effetti di scia di turbine eoliche ad asse verticale},
	year = {2013},
	journal = {LA TERMOTECNICA}
}
@article{
	11589_735,
	author = { Fortunato  B  and  Camporeale  Sm  and  Torresi  M },
	title = {A Gas-Steam Combined Cycle Powered by Syngas Derived from Biomass},
	year = {2013},
	journal = {PROCEDIA COMPUTER SCIENCE},
	volume = {19},
	abstract = {In this paper, an innovative power plant, constituted by a gas turbine in combined-cycle fuelled by a synthesis gas
(or syngas), produced in a local biomass gasifier, is analyzed. The plant is integrated with an external combustion system,
fed by cellulosic biomass, connected to a heat exchanger able to increase the air temperature, as in a regenerative
cycle. The combustion products pass through a primary heat exchanger placed in the external combustion system,
heating the compressed air, which flows into the principal combustion chamber, where a defined quantity of syngas,
coming from the gasifier, reacts with the compressed air in a combustion process. The expanded gas, at the turbine
exit, before going back into the external combustor, passes through a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG1)
transferring heat to the bottoming Rankine cycle. The superheated steam undergoes an expansion in a steam turbine
providing electrical energy. The syngas used in the combustion chamber is produced by a gasification process, based
on a Fast Internally Circulating Fluidized-Bed (FICFB). Heat is transferred from the hot syngas (coming from the
gasifier) to water, through a second Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG2), producing steam, which is introduced
in the gasifier, reacting with the pomace biomass in order to produce the syngas; since the produced quantity of steam
is not sufficient for the gasification process, a further quantity of steam is produced in an auxiliary boiler fed by diesel
oil, or in different ways, as described in the paper. This kind of plant is especially interesting for regions, like Italian
Apulia, where there is a wide culture diffusion for the use of biomass, particularly from olive products, where there
are available technologies for use of pruning, virgin and exhausted pomace, and where there are the market conditions
for the commercialization of these resources and the incentives available for their energy development. Finally, the
overall plant performance is calculated, shown and discussed.},
	keywords = {Combined Cycle;  Biomass;  Syngas},
	doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2013.06.097},	
	pages = {736--745}
}
@conference{
	11589_52506,
	author = { Torresi M  and  Fortunato B  and  Camporeale SM },
	title = {An efficient 3D CFD model for the analysis of the flow field around Darrieus rotors},
	year = {2013},
	booktitle = {ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and ExpositionVolume 8: Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles; Wind Energy; Honors and Awards}
}
@article{
	11589_52347,
	author = { Torresi M  and  Fortunato B  and  Camporeale SM },
	title = {Numerical Investigation of a Darrieus Rotor for Low-head Hydropower Generation},
	year = {2013},
	journal = {PROCEDIA COMPUTER SCIENCE},
	pages = {728--735}
}
@conference{
	11589_52667,
	author = { Torresi M  and  Fortunato B  and  Camporeale SM },
	title = {Experimental and numerical investigation of vertical axis wind turbines for distributed power generation},
	year = {2012},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of ARA 36TH - INTERNATIONAL  CONGRESS}
}
@misc{
	11589_25617,
	author = { De Oliveira R  and  Manzari V  and  Monno E  and  Pascazio G  and  Pastore C  and  Santoro R  and  Sgura I  and  Torresi M },
	title = {Development of a polyimide microchannel on-detector cooling system for the ITS upgrade},
	year = {2012},
	booktitle = {ALICE Internal Note. 2012-001},
	url = {http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ITSUpgrade/sites/aliceinfo.cern.ch.ITSUpgrade/files/documents/The%20polyimide%20microchannels.pdf}
}